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| 1853 |
| | In the expectation of British and French support, the Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia - launching the Crimean War | |
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| 1854 |
| | British and French warships move up through the Straits and enter the Black Sea in support of Turkey | |
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| 1854 |
| | British and French troops land at Sebastopol, to besiege the port, and win a limited victory over the Russians at the river Alma | |
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| 1855 |
| | After a siege of nearly a year the Russians abandon Sebastopol, but the Turkish alliance is too exhausted to pursue the conflict | |
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| 1856 |
| | The treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War, limiting Russia's special powers in relation to Turkey | |
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| 1857 |
| | Animal fat on a new issue of cartridges sparks off the Indian Mutiny, also know as the First War of Indian Independence | |
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| 1858 |
| | The end of the Indian Mutiny is followed by brutal British retaliation | |
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| 1858 |
| | The India Act places India under the direct control of the British government, ending the rule of the East India Company | |
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| 1858 |
| | The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, is deposed by the British and exiled to Rangoon, in Burma | |
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| 1885 |
| | A secret revolutionary group (Union and Progress, later known as the Young Turks) is formed in Salonika in the Ottoman empire | |
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